פרופ' ינון שרף

סגל אקדמי בכיר בביה"ס לזואולוגיה
יו"ר ועדה במנהלת הפקולטה למדעי החיים
ראש תכנית במנהלת הפקולטה למדעי החיים
ביה"ס לזואולוגיה סגל אקדמי בכיר
פרופ' ינון שרף
טלפון פנימי: 03-6408006
פקס: 03-6409403
משרד: שרמן, 202

Biography

I completed my Ph.D. at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in 2009, where I studied the hunting behavior, growth, and population-level consequences of foraging decisions in antlion larvae: small insects that construct pit traps in loose soil and ambush passing prey. I then continued to a three-year postdoctoral period at the University of Munich and the University Mainz, Germany, studying the interactions between social parasites and their cavity-dwelling ant hosts.

I joined the School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, in October 2012. My lab studies animal behavior and evolutionary ecology, with a particular focus on how animals make decisions under ecological constraints. We ask how animals search for food, move through complex environments, choose where to settle, learn from experience, and cope with stressful or changing conditions.

Most of our work uses insects as model systems, including desert ants, antlions, wormlions, and flour beetles, but we also study small desert vertebrates, such as gerbils and vipers. We combine controlled laboratory experiments, field experiments, and simulation models to understand how small-scale behavioral rules shape broader ecological outcomes.

A central theme in our research is that seemingly simple behaviors, such as following a wall, avoiding an obstacle, constructing a trap, or changing search strategy, can have important consequences for foraging success, competition, survival, and reproduction. Our broader goal is to identify the behavioral mechanisms animals use to cope with complex and changing environments.

CV

 

Education:

2006-2009 

Ph.D.; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

2004-2006

M.Sc.; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

2001-2004

B.Sc.;  The Hebrew University 

 

Academic Appointments:

2023-

Full Professor, Tel Aviv University

2019-2023

Associate Professor, Tel Aviv University

2012-2019

Senior Lecturer, Tel Aviv University

2009-2012

Postdoctoral researcher, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany

 

 

Research Interests

Our lab studies animal behavior and evolutionary ecology, mostly using insects and other small animals as model systems. We are interested in how animals make decisions under ecological constraints: how they search for food, move through complex environments, choose suitable habitats, learn from experience, and cope with changing conditions. We combine controlled laboratory experiments, field studies, and simulation models to understand how behavioral mechanisms affect survival, reproduction, and competitive success.

Our recent work focuses on four connected topics:

(1) Movement ecology and search behavior

Animals move through complex environments that include walls, shelters, obstacles, slopes, variation in substrate, and other animals. We study how such features affect movement, search efficiency, habitat use, predator-prey interactions, and competition. Recent work in the lab has examined wall-following behavior, movement near obstacles and corners, substrate-dependent movement, and the consequences of different search strategies.

(2) Learning and information use

We ask when animals learn, what kind of information they use, how long they retain it, and whether learning improves performance under competition or risk. A major study system in the lab is the black desert ant. Using maze experiments and field-based approaches, we study spatial learning, memory, motivation, search behavior, and the use of spatial and non-spatial information during foraging.

(3) Habitat selection, trap-building predators, and desert animals

Many animals must choose where to settle, forage, or hunt. We study these decisions in antlions and wormlions, two unrelated groups of trap-building predators. Our work examines how substrate type, sand depth, shade, walls, wind, rain protection, prey availability, competition, cannibalism, and disturbance affect trap construction, habitat choice, and hunting success. We also study habitat use and movement in desert vertebrates, such as gerbils and horned vipers, focusing on how shrubs, burrows, slopes, and dune structure affect shelter use, movement costs, foraging, and predator-prey interactions.

(4) Environmental variability and life-history trade-offs

Animals often face stressful conditions, such as starvation, temperature fluctuations, heat, cold, social isolation, pesticides, and other stressors. We study how such conditions affect behavior, physiology, survival, reproduction, activity rhythms, and offspring phenotype, mainly using flour beetles and other insects as model systems.

In addition to empirical work, our lab uses simulation models to ask broader questions about animal behavior and ecology. For example, we examine how different search strategies affect foraging success, how the location of predators and prey shapes competition, and how simple behavioral rules can influence population-level outcomes.

 

Selected Publications by Research Topic

 

For a full list of publications, please visit the lab website:

https://inonscharflab.weebly.com/

 

Movement ecology and search behavior


Dorfman A, Hills TT, Scharf I (2022) A guide to area-restricted search: a foundational foraging behaviour. Biological Reviews 97:2076-2089.

 

Hanna K, Scharf I (2025) The effects of loose, firm, fine, and coarse substrates on the movement of the red flour beetle. Insect Science 32: 662-674.

 

Scharf I, Radai A, Goldshtein D, Hanna K (2024) Flour beetles prefer corners over walls and are slowed down with increasing habitat complexity. Royal Society Open Science 11:231667.

 

Learning and information use


Bega D, Samocha Y, Yitzhak N, Saar M, Subach A, Scharf I (2020) Non-spatial information on the presence of food elevates search intensity in ant workers, leading to faster maze solving in a process parallel to spatial learning. PLoS One 15:e0229709.
 

Bar A, Marom C, Zorin N, Gilad T, Subach A, Foitzik S, Scharf I (2022) Desert ants learn to avoid pitfall traps while foraging. Biology 11:897.

 

Subach A, Avidov B, Dorfman A, Bega D, Gilad T, Kvetny M, Reshef MH, Foitzik S, Scharf I (2023) The value of spatial experience and group size for ant colonies in direct competition. Insect Science 30:241-250.

 

Habitat selection, trap-building predators, and desert animals


Scharf I, Gilad T, Bar-Ziv MA, Katz N, Gregorian E, Pruitt JN, Subach A (2018) The contribution of shelter from rain to the success of pit-building predators in urban habitats. Animal Behaviour 142:139-145.

 

Scharf I, Gilad T, Taichman Y, Subach A (2021) Urban pit-building insects are attracted to walls for multiple reasons. Biology 10:635.

 

Dorfman A, Subach A, Scharf I (2025) Shrubs lower construction and maintenance costs for burrowing central-place rodent foragers in a sandy habitat. Journal of Arid Environments 229:105392.

 

Environmental variability and life-history trade-offs


Scharf I, Segal D, Bar A, Gottlieb D (2022) Negative effects of fluctuating temperatures around the optimal temperature on reproduction and survival of the red flour beetle. Journal of Thermal Biology 103:103165.

 

Scharf I, Wertheimer KO, Xin JL, Gilad T, Goldenberg I, Subach A (2019) Context-dependent effects of cold stress on behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits of the red flour beetle. Insect Science 26:142-153.

 

Scharf I (2016) The multifaceted effects of starvation on arthropod behaviour. Animal Behaviour 119:37-48.

 

Simulation-based behavioral ecology


Scharf I (2025) Active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey: A simulation model. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1549:199-207.

 

Scharf I (2024) Search patterns, resource regeneration, and ambush locations impact the competition between active and ambush predators. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1536:122-134.

 

Scharf I, Ruxton GD (2023) Four scenarios in which shadow competition should be prominent and factors affecting its strength. Oikos 2023:e10214.

 

 

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